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The Politics Shed- A Free Text Book for all students of Politics.
The Politics A level Shed
The Politics Shed
Welcome to the Politics Shed
Government & Politics A and AS Level
UNIT 1 Politics in the UK (Year 12 & 13)
Democracy and Participation
civil liberties
Democracy
democratic deficit
Franchise/Suffrage
Human Rights
Legitimacy
Lobbyists
Lobbyists
Participation crisis
Pluralist democracy
Representative democracy
Rights and Participation
Think Tanks
How well are Rights protected in the UK?
Abu Qatada
TPims
TPims
Case study : The Electoral Reform Society and voter ID
Case study : Liberty and vaccine passports
Case study : the 3million and local voting rights for EU citizens
Collective and Individual Rights
Electoral Systems
Different Voting Systems used in the UK
Electoral Reform
Evaluation of why different voting systems are used in the UK
First Past the Post
Referendums and how they are used
Regional List
Single Transferable Vote
Supplementary Vote
Thde case for and against using referendums
The effect of different voting systems
The function of elections
2014 Independence Referendum Scotland
The 2019 Election result using different voting systems
Greater London Assembly
Michael Oakeshott
Elections Act 2022
Is Digital Democracy the answer?
STV in Scottish Local Elections
Political Parties
Advice on AS 30 mark Questions
Consensus and Adversarial Politics
Left Wing / Right Wing
Minor Parties
Old Labour New Labour
One Nation Conservatism
Party Systems
Political Parties- functions and funding
UK Political Parties in context
UK Political Parties in context
UK Political Parties The main three
The Conservative Party
UK Political Parties The main three
The Conservative Party
The Conservative Party
The development of a multi-party system
The election of 1997
The Liberal Party
The role of Parties, campaigns and leaders in electoral success
Exam Question Minor Parties
Conservative Party Factions
One-party systems
Two-party systems
Dominant-party systems
Multiparty systems
Voting behaviour and the Media
Case Studies of Three Elections
Class dealignment
Governing competency
Issue Voting
Issue Voting
Long term Influences on voting: Class
Manifest & Mandate
Media Bias
Media theories : 'salience’ and ‘valance'
Partisan Dealignment
Question 1 A level Paper 1
Short term factors which explain election results
Tactical Voting
The Influence of the media
Turnout/Disillusion and Apathy
The Election of 1945
The Election of 1979
The election of 1997
The Election of 2017
The Election of 2019
Why Social Media is ruining political discourse
How to answer an Edexcel source question on voting behaviour
Year 13 A2 Core Political Ideas
Conservatism
Liberalism
Socialism
Benjamin Disraeli
Collectivism
Common Humanity
Common Ownership
Debates about equality
Differences and conflict within Conservatism
Differences and conflict within Liberalsim
Differences and conflict within Socialism
Edmund Burke
Equality
Equality and Social Justice
Foundational Equality / Formal Equality
Friedrich Hayek
Human Imperfection
Human Nature
Important Conservative thinkers
Important Liberal thinkers
Important Socialist thinkers
Individualism
Keynsianism
Laissez Faire
Laissez Faire
Liberal Democracy
Libertarianism
Liberty
Main ideas of Conservatism
Main ideas of Liberalism
Main ideas of Socialism
Mechanistic Theory
Mechanistic Theory
Meritocracy
Michael Oakeshott 1901-1990
Mrs Whitehouse
Negative Freedom and Egoistical Individualism
Neo conservatism
Neo Liberalism
New Right
noblesse oblige
One Nation Conservatism
Organic Society
Paternalism
Positive Freedom and Developmental Individualism
Pragmatism
Pragmatism
Rationalism
Revolutionary Socialism
Robert Nozick
Social Class
Social Class
Social Conservatism
Social Democracy
Society
The Economy
The Social Contract
The State
The State: A necessary evil
Third Way
Thomas Hobbs
Tolerance
Tradition
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism
Workers Control
Anthony Crosland
Ayn Rand 1905-1982
Beatrice Webb
Betty Friedan1921−2006
Conservative view of human imperfection
Edmund Burke
Friedrich Hayek
John Locke 1632-1704
John Rawls 1921-2002
John Stuart Mill 1806-73
Karl Marx
Mary Wollstonecraft 1759 1797
Michael Oakeshott 1901-1990
Neo Liberalsim
Neoconservatism
Robert Nozick
Rosa Luxemburg
The New Right
Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679
Populism
Modern Liberalsim
Origins of Liberalism
Origins of Socialism
To what extent do Conservatives agree about the role of the state?
Minor Parties
The Crisis of Democracy
Case study: The British Columbia Electoral Reform Referendum
Source Question: Electoral Reform
Conservative Party Factions
Do political parties help or hinder representative democracy?
How to answer an Edexcel exam question on socialism
How to answer a source question Edexcel UK politics, papers 1 and 2
Video Lessons
Democracy : What is democracy?
Lesson 1 Democracy
Knowledge check lesson 1 Answers
Lesson 2 A history of the Franchise
2021 May Local and Regional Elections UK
Biden's 100 Days
Devolution and the Pandemic
Johnson's luck How the NHS saved the PM
Unit 3 Global Politics
Theories of International Relations
Significant Realist Thinkers
Realism
Liberalism
Key Liberal Thinkers
The State and Globalisation
The McDonaldization of Society
Jihad vs McWorld
Global Governance: Political and Economic
Debate: Relative and Absolute gains
The United Nations UN
How the UN is Organised
World Health Organisation
History of the UN
The state: nation states and national sovereignty
Globalisation
History of the Nation State
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Global Governance: Human Rights and Environmental 1
Human rights
Problems and Controversies in Human Rights
Why did humanitarian intervention increase during the 1990s?
Environmental
The Tragedy of the Commons
Why is international cooperation so difficult to achieve?
Time Line of major initiatives on the environment
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Theorists of Green Politics
The International Monetary Fund
The World Bank
The Bretton Woods' System
Permanent War Economy
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
Theories of Global Governance
The G7 ,G8 & G 20
Power and Developments
The use and eff ectiveness of types of power
Differing significance of states in global affairs and how – and why – state p
Superpowers
Great powers
Joseph Nye
Emerging powers
Polarity
Case Study in Soft Power: Vaccine Diplomacy
Unipolarity
Is China a Super Power?
Capabilities
The organisation and structure of UK Parties.
Bipolarity
Multipolarity
Consideration of changing nature of world order since 2000
Case Study America's War in Iraq
Power Relationships
Power Structures
Different systems of government
Development and spread of liberal economies, the rule of law, and democracy
Impact of world order on conflict, poverty, human rights and the environment
Regionalism and the EU
Different Forms of Regionalism
Debates about and the reasons and significance of regionalism
Development of regional organisations, excluding the EU
Factors that have fostered European integration and the major developments
Developments in Regionalism
Case Study: African Regionalism
Case Study ; Asian Regionalism
Case Study: Regionalism in the Americas
Federalism, Functionalism and Neo Functionalism
Is the |Euro a good idea?
The ways and extent to which regionalism addresses and resolves contemporar
State egoism and conflict
Statecraft and the national interest
International anarchy and its implications
Polarity, stability and the balance of power
Interdependence liberalism
Republican liberalism
Liberal institutionalism
Marxism, neo-Marxism and critical theory
SOCIAL THEORY AND CONSTRUCTIVISM
Poststructuralism
Feminism
Postcolonialism
Positioning Iraq in the Metanarrative of the ‘War on Terror’
Voting Behaviour
Case Study The European Political Community
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Lesson 3 Pressure Groups
The Security Council (UNSC)
Case study The Niger Coup and ECOWAS
Case study War in Ukraine
How to answer 12 Mark Question on Paper 3 US and UK Comparative Politics
Contents
Case Study Rishi Sunak
AP US Government and Politics
The Constitution, including such principles as the separation of powers and
Federalism in Action
United States v Lopez
Same sex Marriage and Federalism
Constitutional Interpretations of Federalism
Relationship Between the States and Federal Government
Ratification of the U.S. Constitution
Principles of American Government
Federalist No. 51
McCulloch v Maryland
Government Power and Individual Rights
Brutus No 1
Types of Democracy
Federalist 10
1 Ideals of Democracy
Republicanism
popular sovereignty
Challenges of the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation
Constitutional Monarchy
Alternative Vote
House of Lords Scandals
How important are Votes of No Confidence?
How effective has parliamentary scrutiny been during the COVID-19 crisis?
Examine the ways in which the Supreme Courts in the USA and the UK differ i
Exam Papers
How to write essays
Unit 3 USA and Comparative Essays
Tufton Steet The UK's 'K' Street
June 2019
Mark Scheme 2019
Case Study Boris Johnson
Case Study Liz Truss
Reshuffle Sept 2021 Boris wields the axe
Site Map
'Congress has become the least powerful branch of government' Discuss
2016 US Elections results and significance
A wider Franchise- History of voting rights UK
current move to extend the franchise
Additional Member System
A gameable electoral system? The Additional Member System in Scotland
Advantages and Disadvantages
1975 Referendum UK
Untitled page
AV Referendum 2011
Referendum in N Ireland 1998
North East Regional Assembly Referendum 2004
The EU Referendum 2016
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Amendment Process
The evolving House of Lords
Advantages and disadvantages of the electoral college
Advice on A level Paper 2 Question 2 (30 marks)
2016 Election
Affirmative Action
Fisher v Texas (2013)
America the Failed State?
An evaluation of the Constitution- Is it a successful experiment?
Anthony Giddens
Anti Colonial Nationalism
Appointment of Members of the Supreme Court
Are midterm elections a referendum on the president?
2022 Midterm Elections
Are PMs becoming more presidential?
Are PMs becoming more presidential?
Are pressure groups becoming more significant?
social capital
corporatism
Are Pressure Groups good for democracy?
Case study Extinction Rebellion
Case study Act for the Act
Sock Puppet Pressure Groups
Are the constitutional reforms started in 1997 finished?
Are US Interest Groups good for democracy?
Limits and constraints on Interest Groups USA
Black Lives Matter
Arguments for and against a codified constitution
Case study Party-gate-A constitutional Crisis
The UKs Flexible Constituion has had its day. Bronwen Maddox FT
AS Question 2 Advice
Bipartisanship
Cabinet Committees
Campaign Finance
Case studies Major and Blair
Case study Bathroom Bills and ACLU
Case study gerrymandering
Case Study Gun Control
Case study John Major
Case study Marijuana
Case Study Mrs Thatcher
Case Study Policy Group The League of Conservation Voters (LCV)
Case Study Policy Networks, professional lobbyists and politicians
Case Study Professional Group AFL-CIO
Case Study Social Policy
Case Study The Common Agricultural Policy
Case study The conservative agenda of the Roberts Court
Feminism
Significant Feminist Thinkers
bell hooks (1952– 2021)
Kate Millett (1934– )
Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)
The Main Ideas of Feminism
Different types of feminism
Conflicts within Feminism
The History of Feminism
Intersectionality
Equality feminism and Difference feminism
The Personal is Political
Case study ME TOO
Patriarchy
sex and gender
Sheila Rowbotham
The History of Feminism
Case study Jones v. Mississippi
Case study The decline of Affirmative Action
Case study The Nevada Caucus 2016
Case study The nominations of Alito and Garland
Case study The Republican Invisible Primary 2015
Case study The struggle over Brexit
Case Study Theresa May
Case Study Tony Blair
Case Study: Fisheries Policy
Case Study: Hitler's racialist theories
Case Study: The 2016 nominations Democrat and Republican
Cases studies of Pressure Groups
Can’t pay, won’t pay
Changes since 2015
Charles Maurras (1868-1952
Chauvinistic Nationalism
checks and balances
Citizens United v FEC 2010
Civic Nationalism
Civic v Cultural
Coalition Reforms 2010-15
Collective Responsibility
Committees in Congress 'The Engine room'
Common Law
Comparative Approaches UK and USA
Comparative Models,
Congress
The powers of the House and Senate compared
The Speaker
Case study the removal of Kevin McCarthy
Comparison: Parliament & Congress
Three major challenges legislatures face in the 21st century: executive dom
Congressional Committees 'The engine room'
Congressional Elections
Conservatism
Conservative Nationalism
Washington Post- Putinism
Constitution
constitution is flexible
Conventions
Criticisms of the Constitution
Culturalism
Current systems of representative and direct democracy
Should voting be made compulsory
Functions of democracy
Problems with Democracy
DC v Heller 2008
Developments in devolution
Case study The Gender Recognition Bill and Devolution
The Sewel Convention
Devolution
Devolution
Devolution in England
The West Lothian Question
Devolution in N Ireland
Devolution in Scotland
Devolution in Wales
Different types of Nationalism
direct democracy
direct democracy
Direct Democracy USA
Dual Presidency Theory
Elections,Parties and Pressure Groups
Case Study US Election 2020
TV Debates
National Party Conventions
Comparison: Parties UK & USA
Comparison: Pressure Groups UK & USA
Comparison: Elections UK & USA
Why Biden won Atlantic Magazine
Primaries and Caucuses
Case study 2020 Primaries & Caucuses
Electoral Reform
Essay plan: 'Evaluate the view that the constituion no longer does the job for which it was intended' (30 marks)
European Courts
Evaluate the view :
Evaluate the view :That the US Constitution is anti democratic
Evaluate the view that the US is no longer a federal state'
EVEL English Votes for English Laws
Example AS Question on the Constitution
Example Vincent Viola and Scott Pruitt appointments
Executive Orders
Expansionist Nationalism
Factors affecting voting in Congress
Factors which influence a PM's relationship with the Cabinet
Factortame
Federalism
Filibuster
Fixed term Parliaments
Formal sources of presidential power in the US Constitution
Unitary Executive Theory
Freedom of Information Act
Garcia
Gender,Age,Ethnicity and Region
General Election 2019
Gerrymandering
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872)
Governing the UK
Grover Norquist's Tax Payer Protection
Gun control
Has it become harder for the government to control Parliament?
House and Senate size and elections
House of Commons Reform
Parliamentary Standards
Owen Patterson
Case Study:
House of Lords Reform
Hereditary Peers
How effectively have recent presidents achieved their aims?
The American Rescue Plan
How elections work in the USA
How flexible is the US Constitution?
How important are minor parties
How laws are made in the UK -The legislative process
How the Constitution has changed
How the Constitution was written
How the EU works
How well does Parliament fulfill its functions?
Scandals
Back Bench Business Committee
Human Rights Act
Impact of the Lords
Case study The Internal Market Bill
Case study The Illegal Immigration Bill
Case study The Crime and Sentencing Bill 2022
Inclusive v Exclusive
Incumbency
Individual Ministerial Responsibility
Informal sources of presidential power and their use
Initiation of Legislation
Integral Nationalism
Interest Groups in the USA
Internationalism
Interpretations & debates of the US Supreme Court & civil rights
Shadow Dockets
Interpretations and Debates
Republican partisanship
Interpretations and debates around the US Constitution and federalism
Polarisation is dividing America State by State
Interpretations and debates of the US Presidency
Has Trump changed the Presidency?
Theories of Presidetial Power
The Impossible Presidency
The Imperilled Presidency
The Post Modern Presidency
Interpretations and debates of US democracy and participation
How important are minor parties
Iron Triangles
Is Congress the broken Branch?
House votes to censure and remove Gosar from committees over violent video
Scandals Congress since 2010
Is the constitution too rigid?
Is the Presidency Imperial or Imperilled?
A short history of the Imperial Presidency (with examples)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
John Hart Chapter on the Presidency
Judicial Activism
Judicial Independence
Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803)
Judicial Independence
Judicial Neutrality
Judicial Restraint
Judicial Review
Judicial Review
The Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022
Judicial Review
Key ideas and principles of the Democratic and Republican parties.
Party Factions USA
Key ideas of nationalism
Kilmuir Rules
Labour Reforms 1997-2010
Labour Reforms 1997-2010
Legacy of Racism
Legislation
Legislation How laws are made
Legislative Committees (the committee stage)
Legislative Committees (the committee stage)
Legitimacy
Liberal Nationalism
Liberalism :Check List for Edexel Unit 1
Liberty
Limitations on the power of PMs
limited government
limited government
Lobbying the House
Geoffrey Cox
Lobbying the Senate
Lobbying the Senate
Lobbyists
Lobbyists
mandate
mandate
Marcus Garvey (1887-1940)
Means available to the President
Mid -Term Elections
Ministerial questions and Prime Minister's Questions
Nation State
Nationalism
Primordialism
Nationalism in Depth
Nationalism in History
Nationalist Thinkers
The Clash of Civilisations
Nations
Nations
New Federalism Explained
New York Times Article Nuclear Arms Deal
NFIB v Sebelius 2012
noblesse oblige
Norton's Typology of legislatures
Obergefell v Hodges 2015
On Nation Conservatism
Originalism
Oversight
The January 6th Committee
PACs and Super PACs
Parliament
Parliament
Parliament's ability to remove governments
Parliament's effectiveness at Scrutiny
Parliament's influence over legislation
Parliamentary Committees
Parliamentary Sovereignty
Parochialism
Participation, Elections, Pressure Groups and Rights :Edexcel
Parties Unit 1 Edexcel
Partisanship
Party Decline and Party Renewal
Party Decline and Party Renewal
McCutcheon v FEC
Brock Reforms
Party Discipline and Elective Dictatorship
Party realignment and dealignment
Personal learning checklists- created by John Gibbs
Personal qualities of US Presidents
Peter Hennessy
Philip Norton
PM and Executive
PM Government or Cabinet Government
Politics Review Article Robert Singh
Pork Barrel
Power without Persuasion: Ways around Congress
precedents
Prerogative Powers
Pressure groups and participation
Types of Pressure Groups
How pressure groups exert influence
Prime Minister and Executive
Case study David Cameron
Case Study Tony Blair
Prime Minister’s Questions
privilege
Progressive v Reactionary
Questions to Ministers
Race and Rights in Contemporary US Politics
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
Racialism
Rational v Irrational
Recruitment and training of ministers
Referendums and how they are used
Reforms since 2015
Relations Between the Branches
Relations between the branches
Representation
Representation
Representative Democracy
Revision Summary Party Factions and Policies
Immigration USA
Health Care USA
The Tea Party
Debt and deficit
Revolving-door syndrome
Case study Revolving door UK Greensill and David Cameron
Riley v California 2014
Rules Committee
Scrutiny and Oversight
Secondary Legislation
Secondary Legislation
Self Determination
Separation of powers
Shelby v Holder 2013
Should England have a Parliament
Should the Constitution still be reformed?
The Rise and Fall of British Democracy
Should the voting age be reduced to 16?
Similarities and differences
Single European Act and the Four Freedoms
site link
Socialism Edexcel
Stare Decisis
Statute law
Strengths a weaknesses of the nominating process
Strengths and weaknesses of the nominating process
Strict and loose constructionalism
Sufferagists and Sufferagettes
Supreme Court Appointments Process
the 11 Day Rule
The advantages and disadvantages of Representative Democracy
The advantages and disadvantages of the nominating process
The Amendment Process
The Amendment Process
The Appointment process for the Supreme Court
Case study Jackson, Ketanji Brown 2022
The bully pulpit
The Cabinet
The Cabinet and the Prime Minister
The changing cabinet
The Case for Reform
The consequences of federalism
The Constitution
The Constitution since 1997
The Core Executive Model
The Customs Union
The Development of the EU
The Election of 2010
The Electoral College
The electoral college favours white voters
The electoral mandate
The enumerated powers
The EU and member states: power over some key policy areas
The EU and the UK
The evolution of federalism
The Executive Office of the President
The Executive Office of the President
The Executive Office of the President
The factors governing the prime minister's selection of ministers
The Five main Sources
The Functions of Congress:
Subpoena of Steve Bannon
The Functions of Elections-
The Functions of Parliament
The growth and development of the Presidency
The History and development of Rights in the UK
Equality Act 2010
The history of voting rights
The Human Rights Act
The impact of the EU on the UK
The implied powers
The implied powers
The importance of presidential debates
The influence of interest groups on democracy
The influence of the Supreme Court on the Executive and Parliament
Case Study: Shamima Begum (2021)
Case Study: AM (Zimbabwe) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (202
Case Study:Joanna Cherry/Gina Miller case 2019
Is the UK Supreme Court too political?
Case study Miller v Sec of State for Exiting the EU 2016
The Instutuional Predensdency: Vice Presidency,Cabinet and Executive office.
The Invisible Primary
The Labour Party
Labour Party factions
Clause IV
Post Thatcher Consensus
The Living Constitution
The Localism Act 2011
The location of sovereignty in the UK
The location of sovereignty in the UK
The Main Characteristics of US federalism
Moore v Harper
Power Point Federalism
The nature and role of the Supreme Court
Dissenting Opinions are letters to the future
The nature of the US Constitution
The New Right
The politics of federalism
The powers and organisation of the Executive
The Ministerial Code
Patronage
The powers of the Lords and Commons compared
The Presidency
The principles of the US Constitution - their effectiveness today
Trump v Vance (2020)
The protection of Civil Liberties and Rights in the USA today
Roe V Wade
Whole Woman’s Health v Hellerstedt
Shelby County v Holder
Plessy v Ferguson
The relationship between Parliament and the Government?
Theories of Parliamentary Power
The relationship between the Government and Parliament
The relationship between the Government and Parliament
The relationship between the presidency and Congress
The relationship between the president and the Supreme Court
Guns in the USA
Supreme Court Won’t Extend Wisconsin’s Deadline for Mailed Ballots
The role and significance of the opposition
The Role of Backbench MPs
The role of campaign finance
The role of incumbency
The Role of Select Committees
Case Study: Test and Trace
The role of the Supreme Court UK
Can asylum seekers be sent to Rwanda
The Rule of Law
The Salisbury Convention
The Scotland Act 2016
The structure and organisation of Parliament Commons and Lords.
How to become an MP
The structure of Congress:
The structure of the Constitution
The Supreme Court
The Supreme Court and Public Policy
Gun Control
Immigration
Health
National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius
Marriage
United States v Windsor (2013)
Abortion
Oklahoma Executes Prisoner After Supreme Court Overturns Stay
Miranda v Arizona 1966.
Brown v The Board of Education
The Supreme Court decision on the Article 50 Case
The Supreme Court influence and power
The timeline story of Brexit
The UK Constitution
Union State
The UK Constitution
The UK Constitution and its sources
The UK Courts System
The US Cabinet
The Veto
Theories of Representation
There is no agreed definition of Parliament's functions
Think Tanks
Tony Blair Prime Minister or President The Guardian 2005
Traditional Conservatism
treaties
UK Political Parties The main three
Ultra Vires
unanimity and qualified majority voting
Unentrenched / Uncodified
Unit 1 AS & A level : check lists of essential knowledge for Edexcel
Unit 2 AS & A level
Unit 3 A level Only USA & Comparative
Unit 3 Comparative USA (Year 13)
Unitary
US Constitution and Federalism
Comparison: UK and US Constitutions
US Presidency
The Impeachment of Trump
The Pardon Power
Comparison: PM & President
US Supreme Court and Civil Rights
Case Study: The American Federalist Society and the Supreme Court
Comparison: Civil Rights UK & USA
Natural Rights
Comparison USA & UK Supreme Court
USA Congress
USA Constitution
USA Democracy & Participation
USA Supreme Court
USA The Presidency
Vice Presidency
Voting Behaviour
Voting Behaviour :Edexcel
Voting behaviour,turnout and gerrymandering
What are Ministerial and Collective Responsibility?
Site logo image Level 5 Response – Evaluate the view that IMR and CMR are
What should be done to reform the system
E Petitions
Recall of MPs Act 2015
Who runs foreign policy, the president or Congress?
Whole Woman's Health v Hellerstedt 2016
Why and to what extent have the Judiciary and the government come into conflict in recent years?
Wider Reading New York Times on Originalism
Wider Reading: Why did Trump win 2016 by Anthony Bennett
Works of Authority
Year 13 Nationalism
The Politics Shed
Global Governance: Human Rights and Environmental
Human rights
Origins and development of international law and institutions
Problems and Controversies in Human Rights
Environmental
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