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The Politics Shed- A Free Text Book for all students of Politics.

The Politics A level Shed
The Politics Shed
  • Welcome to the Politics Shed
    • Government & Politics A and AS Level
      • UNIT 1 Politics in the UK (Year 12 & 13)
        • Democracy and Participation
          • civil liberties
          • Democracy
          • democratic deficit
          • Franchise/Suffrage
          • Human Rights
          • Legitimacy
          • Lobbyists
          • Lobbyists
          • Participation crisis
          • Pluralist democracy
          • Representative democracy
          • Rights and Participation
          • Think Tanks
          • How well are Rights protected in the UK?
          • Abu Qatada
          • TPims
          • TPims
          • Case study : The Electoral Reform Society and voter ID
          • Case study : Liberty and vaccine passports
          • Case study : the 3million and local voting rights for EU citizens
        • Electoral Systems
          • Different Voting Systems used in the UK
          • Electoral Reform
          • Evaluation of why different voting systems are used in the UK
          • First Past the Post
          • Referendums and how they are used
          • Regional List
          • Single Transferable Vote
          • Supplementary Vote
          • Thde case for and against using referendums
          • The effect of different voting systems
          • The function of elections
          • 2014 Independence Referendum Scotland
          • The 2019 Election result using different voting systems
          • Greater London Assembly
          • Michael Oakeshott
          • Elections Act 2022
        • Political Parties
          • Advice on AS 30 mark Questions
          • Consensus and Adversarial Politics
          • Left Wing / Right Wing
          • Minor Parties
          • Old Labour New Labour
          • One Nation Conservatism
          • Party Systems
          • Political Parties- functions and funding
          • UK Political Parties in context
          • UK Political Parties in context
          • UK Political Parties The main three
          • The Conservative Party
          • UK Political Parties The main three
          • The Conservative Party
          • The Conservative Party
          • The development of a multi-party system
          • The election of 1997
          • The Liberal Party
          • The role of Parties, campaigns and leaders in electoral success
          • Exam Question Minor Parties
          • Conservative Party Factions
          • One-party systems
          • Two-party systems
          • Dominant-party systems
          • Multiparty systems
        • Voting behaviour and the Media
          • Case Studies of Three Elections
          • Class dealignment
          • Governing competency
          • Issue Voting
          • Issue Voting
          • Long term Influences on voting: Class
          • Manifest & Mandate
          • Media Bias
          • Media theories : 'salience’ and ‘valance'
          • Partisan Dealignment
          • Question 1 A level Paper 1
          • Short term factors which explain election results
          • Tactical Voting
          • The Influence of the media
          • Turnout/Disillusion and Apathy
          • The Election of 1945
          • The Election of 1979
          • The election of 1997
          • The Election of 2017
          • The Election of 2019
          • Why Social Media is ruining political discourse
          • How to answer an Edexcel source question on voting behaviour
        • Year 13 A2 Core Political Ideas
          • Conservatism
          • Liberalism
          • Socialism
          • Benjamin Disraeli
          • Collectivism
          • Common Humanity
          • Common Ownership
          • Debates about equality
          • Differences and conflict within Conservatism
          • Differences and conflict within Liberalsim
          • Differences and conflict within Socialism
          • Edmund Burke
          • Equality
          • Equality and Social Justice
          • Foundational Equality / Formal Equality
          • Friedrich Hayek
          • Human Imperfection
          • Human Nature
          • Important Conservative thinkers
          • Important Liberal thinkers
          • Important Socialist thinkers
          • Individualism
          • Keynsianism
          • Laissez Faire
          • Laissez Faire
          • Liberal Democracy
          • Libertarianism
          • Liberty
          • Main ideas of Conservatism
          • Main ideas of Liberalism
          • Main ideas of Socialism
          • Mechanistic Theory
          • Mechanistic Theory
          • Meritocracy
          • Michael Oakeshott 1901-1990
          • Mrs Whitehouse
          • Negative Freedom and Egoistical Individualism
          • Neo conservatism
          • Neo Liberalism
          • New Right
          • noblesse oblige
          • One Nation Conservatism
          • Organic Society
          • Paternalism
          • Positive Freedom and Developmental Individualism
          • Pragmatism
          • Pragmatism
          • Rationalism
          • Revolutionary Socialism
          • Robert Nozick
          • Social Class
          • Social Class
          • Social Conservatism
          • Social Democracy
          • Society
          • The Economy
          • The Social Contract
          • The State
          • The State: A necessary evil
          • Third Way
          • Thomas Hobbs
          • Tolerance
          • Tradition
          • Utilitarianism
          • Utilitarianism
          • Workers Control
          • Anthony Crosland
          • Ayn Rand 1905-1982
          • Beatrice Webb
          • Betty Friedan1921−2006
          • Conservative view of human imperfection
          • Edmund Burke
          • Friedrich Hayek
          • John Locke 1632-1704
          • John Rawls 1921-2002
          • John Stuart Mill 1806-73
          • Karl Marx
          • Mary Wollstonecraft 1759 1797
          • Michael Oakeshott 1901-1990
          • Neo Liberalsim
          • Neoconservatism
          • Robert Nozick
          • Rosa Luxemburg
          • The New Right
          • Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679
          • Populism
          • Modern Liberalsim
          • Origins of Liberalism
          • Origins of Socialism
          • To what extent do Conservatives agree about the role of the state?
        • Minor Parties
        • The Crisis of Democracy
        • Case study: The British Columbia Electoral Reform Referendum
        • Source Question: Electoral Reform
        • Conservative Party Factions
      • How to answer an Edexcel exam question on socialism
      • How to answer a source question Edexcel UK politics, papers 1 and 2
    • Video Lessons
    • Democracy : What is democracy?
    • Lesson 1 Democracy
    • Knowledge check lesson 1 Answers
    • Lesson 2 A history of the Franchise
    • 2021 May Local and Regional Elections UK
    • Biden's 100 Days
    • Devolution and the Pandemic
    • Johnson's luck How the NHS saved the PM
    • Unit 3 Global Politics
    • Theories of International Relations
    • Significant Realist Thinkers
    • Realism
    • Liberalism
    • Key Liberal Thinkers
    • The State and Globalisation
    • The McDonaldization of Society
    • Jihad vs McWorld
    • Global Governance: Political and Economic
    • Debate: Relative and Absolute gains
    • The United Nations UN
    • How the UN is Organised
    • World Health Organisation
    • History of the UN
    • The state: nation states and national sovereignty
    • Globalisation
    • History of the Nation State
    • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
    • Global Governance: Human Rights and Environmental 1
    • Human rights
    • Problems and Controversies in Human Rights
    • Why did humanitarian intervention increase during the 1990s?
    • Environmental
    • The Tragedy of the Commons
    • Why is international cooperation so difficult to achieve?
    • Time Line of major initiatives on the environment
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    • Theorists of Green Politics
    • The International Monetary Fund
    • The World Bank
    • The Bretton Woods' System
    • Permanent War Economy
    • The World Trade Organization (WTO)
    • Theories of Global Governance
    • The G7 ,G8 & G 20
    • Power and Developments
    • The use and eff ectiveness of types of power
    • Differing significance of states in global affairs and how – and why – state p
    • Superpowers
    • Great powers
    • Joseph Nye
    • Emerging powers
    • Polarity
    • Case Study in Soft Power: Vaccine Diplomacy
    • Unipolarity
    • Is China a Super Power?
    • Capabilities
    • The organisation and structure of UK Parties.
    • Bipolarity
    • Multipolarity
    • Consideration of changing nature of world order since 2000
    • Case Study America's War in Iraq
    • Power Relationships
    • Power Structures
    • Different systems of government
    • Development and spread of liberal economies, the rule of law, and democracy
    • Impact of world order on conflict, poverty, human rights and the environment
    • Regionalism and the EU
    • Different Forms of Regionalism
    • Debates about and the reasons and significance of regionalism
    • Development of regional organisations, excluding the EU
    • Factors that have fostered European integration and the major developments
    • Developments in Regionalism
    • Case Study: African Regionalism
    • Case Study ; Asian Regionalism
    • Case Study: Regionalism in the Americas
    • Federalism, Functionalism and Neo Functionalism
    • Is the |Euro a good idea?
    • The ways and extent to which regionalism addresses and resolves contemporar
    • State egoism and conflict
    • Statecraft and the national interest
    • International anarchy and its implications
    • Polarity, stability and the balance of power
    • Interdependence liberalism
    • Republican liberalism
    • Liberal institutionalism
    • Marxism, neo-Marxism and critical theory
    • SOCIAL THEORY AND CONSTRUCTIVISM
    • Poststructuralism
    • Feminism
    • Postcolonialism
    • Positioning Iraq in the Metanarrative of the ‘War on Terror’
    • Voting Behaviour
    • Case Study The European Political Community
    • Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
    • Lesson 3 Pressure Groups
  • Contents
  • AP US Government and Politics
  • The Constitution, including such principles as the separation of powers and
  • Ratification of the U.S. Constitution
  • Principles of American Government
  • Federalist No. 51
  • McCulloch v Maryland
  • Government Power and Individual Rights
  • Brutus No 1
  • Types of Democracy
  • Federalist 10
  • 1 Ideals of Democracy
  • Republicanism
  • popular sovereignty
  • Challenges of the Articles of Confederation
  • The Articles of Confederation
  • Constitutional Monarchy
  • Alternative Vote
  • House of Lords Scandals
  • How important are Votes of No Confidence?
  • How effective has parliamentary scrutiny been during the COVID-19 crisis?
  • Examine the ways in which the Supreme Courts in the USA and the UK differ i
  • Exam Papers
  • How to write essays
  • Unit 3 USA and Comparative Essays
  • Tufton Steet The UK's 'K' Street
  • June 2019
  • Mark Scheme 2019
  • Case Study Boris Johnson
  • Reshuffle Sept 2021 Boris wields the axe
  • Site Map
  • 'Congress has become the least powerful branch of government' Discuss
  • 2016 US Elections results and significance
  • A wider Franchise- History of voting rights UK
  • current move to extend the franchise
  • Additional Member System
  • A gameable electoral system? The Additional Member System in Scotland
  • Advantages and Disadvantages
  • 1975 Referendum UK
  • Untitled page
  • AV Referendum 2011
  • Referendum in N Ireland 1998
  • North East Regional Assembly Referendum 2004
  • The EU Referendum 2016
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of the Amendment Process
    • The evolving House of Lords
  • Advantages and disadvantages of the electoral college
  • Advice on A level Paper 2 Question 2 (30 marks)
    • 2016 Election
  • Affirmative Action
  • Fisher v Texas (2013)
  • America the Failed State?
  • An evaluation of the Constitution- Is it a successful experiment?
  • Anthony Giddens
  • Anti Colonial Nationalism
  • Appointment of Members of the Supreme Court
  • Are midterm elections a referendum on the president?
  • 2022 Midterm Elections
  • Are PMs becoming more presidential?
  • Are PMs becoming more presidential?
  • Are pressure groups becoming more significant?
  • social capital
  • corporatism
  • Are Pressure Groups good for democracy?
  • Case study Extinction Rebellion
  • Case study Act for the Act
  • Sock Puppet Pressure Groups
  • Are the constitutional reforms started in 1997 finished?
  • Are US Interest Groups good for democracy?
  • Limits and constraints on Interest Groups USA
  • Black Lives Matter
  • Arguments for and against a codified constitution
  • Case study Party-gate-A constitutional Crisis
  • The UKs Flexible Constituion has had its day. Bronwen Maddox FT
  • AS Question 2 Advice
  • Bipartisanship
  • Cabinet Committees
  • Campaign Finance
  • Case studies Major and Blair
  • Case study Bathroom Bills and ACLU
  • Case study gerrymandering
  • Case Study Gun Control
  • Case study John Major
  • Case study Marijuana
  • Case Study Mrs Thatcher
  • Case Study Policy Group The League of Conservation Voters (LCV)
  • Case Study Policy Networks, professional lobbyists and politicians
  • Case Study Professional Group AFL-CIO
  • Case Study Social Policy
  • Case Study The Common Agricultural Policy
  • Case study The conservative agenda of the Roberts Court
  • Feminism
  • Significant Feminist Thinkers
  • bell hooks (1952– 2021)
  • Kate Millett (1934– )
  • Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)
  • Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)
  • The Main Ideas of Feminism
  • Different types of feminism
  • Conflicts within Feminism
  • The History of Feminism
  • Intersectionality
  • Equality feminism and Difference feminism
  • The Personal is Political
  • Case study ME TOO
  • Patriarchy
  • sex and gender
  • Sheila Rowbotham
  • The History of Feminism
  • Case study Jones v. Mississippi
  • Case study The decline of Affirmative Action
  • Case study The Nevada Caucus 2016
  • Case study The nominations of Alito and Garland
  • Case study The Republican Invisible Primary 2015
  • Case study The struggle over Brexit
  • Case Study Theresa May
  • Case Study Tony Blair
  • Case Study: Fisheries Policy
  • Case Study: Hitler's racialist theories
  • Case Study: The 2016 nominations Democrat and Republican
  • Cases studies of Pressure Groups
  • Can’t pay, won’t pay
  • Changes since 2015
  • Charles Maurras (1868-1952
  • Chauvinistic Nationalism
  • checks and balances
  • Citizens United v FEC 2010
  • Civic Nationalism
  • Civic v Cultural
  • Coalition Reforms 2010-15
  • Collective Responsibility
  • Committees in Congress 'The Engine room'
  • Common Law
  • Comparative Approaches UK and USA
  • Comparative Models,
  • Congress
    • The powers of the House and Senate compared
  • The Speaker
  • Comparison: Parliament & Congress
  • Three major challenges legislatures face in the 21st century: executive dom
  • Congressional Committees 'The engine room'
  • Congressional Elections
  • Conservatism
  • Conservative Nationalism
  • Washington Post- Putinism
  • Constitution
  • constitution is flexible
  • Conventions
  • Criticisms of the Constitution
  • Culturalism
  • Current systems of representative and direct democracy
    • Should voting be made compulsory
  • Functions of democracy
  • Problems with Democracy
  • DC v Heller 2008
  • Developments in devolution
  • Devolution
  • Devolution
  • Devolution in England
  • The West Lothian Question
  • Devolution in N Ireland
  • Devolution in Scotland
  • Devolution in Wales
  • Different types of Nationalism
  • direct democracy
  • direct democracy
  • Direct Democracy USA
  • Dual Presidency Theory
  • Elections,Parties and Pressure Groups
  • Case Study US Election 2020
  • TV Debates
  • National Party Conventions
  • Comparison: Parties UK & USA
  • Comparison: Pressure Groups UK & USA
  • Comparison: Elections UK & USA
  • Why Biden won Atlantic Magazine
  • Primaries and Caucuses
  • Case study 2020 Primaries & Caucuses
  • Electoral Reform
  • Essay plan: 'Evaluate the view that the constituion no longer does the job for which it was intended' (30 marks)
  • European Courts
  • Evaluate the view :
  • Evaluate the view :That the US Constitution is anti democratic
  • Evaluate the view that the US is no longer a federal state'
  • EVEL English Votes for English Laws
  • Example AS Question on the Constitution
  • Example Vincent Viola and Scott Pruitt appointments
  • Executive Orders
  • Expansionist Nationalism
  • Factors affecting voting in Congress
  • Factors which influence a PM's relationship with the Cabinet
  • Factortame
  • Federalism
  • Filibuster
  • Fixed term Parliaments
  • Formal sources of presidential power in the US Constitution
  • Unitary Executive Theory
  • Freedom of Information Act
  • Garcia
  • Gender,Age,Ethnicity and Region
  • General Election 2019
  • Gerrymandering
  • Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872)
  • Governing the UK
  • Grover Norquist's Tax Payer Protection
  • Gun control
  • Has it become harder for the government to control Parliament?
  • House and Senate size and elections
  • House of Commons Reform
  • Parliamentary Standards
  • Owen Patterson
  • Case Study:
  • House of Lords Reform
  • Hereditary Peers
  • How effectively have recent presidents achieved their aims?
  • The American Rescue Plan
  • How elections work in the USA
  • How flexible is the US Constitution?
  • How important are minor parties
  • How laws are made in the UK -The legislative process
  • How the Constitution has changed
  • How the Constitution was written
  • How the EU works
  • How well does Parliament fulfill its functions?
  • Scandals
  • Back Bench Business Committee
  • Human Rights Act
  • Impact of the Lords
  • Case study The Crime and Sentencing Bill 2022
  • Inclusive v Exclusive
  • Incumbency
  • Individual Ministerial Responsibility
  • Informal sources of presidential power and their use
  • Initiation of Legislation
  • Integral Nationalism
  • Interest Groups in the USA
  • Internationalism
  • Interpretations & debates of the US Supreme Court & civil rights
  • Interpretations and Debates
  • Republican partisanship
  • Interpretations and debates around the US Constitution and federalism
  • Interpretations and debates of the US Presidency
  • Has Trump changed the Presidency?
  • Theories of Presidetial Power
  • The Impossible Presidency
  • The Imperilled Presidency
  • The Post Modern Presidency
  • Interpretations and debates of US democracy and participation
    • How important are minor parties
  • Iron Triangles
  • Is Congress the broken Branch?
  • House votes to censure and remove Gosar from committees over violent video
  • Scandals Congress since 2010
  • Is the constitution too rigid?
  • Is the Presidency Imperial or Imperilled?
  • A short history of the Imperial Presidency (with examples)
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
  • John Hart Chapter on the Presidency
  • Judicial Activism
  • Judicial Independence
    • Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803)
  • Judicial Independence
  • Judicial Neutrality
  • Judicial Restraint
  • Judicial Review
  • Judicial Review
  • Judicial Review
  • Key ideas and principles of the Democratic and Republican parties.
  • Party Factions USA
  • Key ideas of nationalism
  • Kilmuir Rules
  • Labour Reforms 1997-2010
  • Labour Reforms 1997-2010
  • Legacy of Racism
  • Legislation
  • Legislation How laws are made
  • Legislative Committees (the committee stage)
  • Legislative Committees (the committee stage)
  • Legitimacy
  • Liberal Nationalism
  • Liberalism :Check List for Edexel Unit 1
  • Liberty
  • Limitations on the power of PMs
  • limited government
  • limited government
  • Lobbying the House
  • Geoffrey Cox
  • Lobbying the Senate
  • Lobbying the Senate
  • Lobbyists
  • Lobbyists
  • mandate
  • mandate
  • Marcus Garvey (1887-1940)
  • Means available to the President
  • Mid -Term Elections
  • Ministerial questions and Prime Minister's Questions
  • Nation State
  • Nationalism
  • Primordialism
  • Nationalism in Depth
  • Nationalism in History
  • Nationalist Thinkers
  • The Clash of Civilisations
  • Nations
  • Nations
  • New Federalism Explained
  • New York Times Article Nuclear Arms Deal
  • NFIB v Sebelius 2012
  • noblesse oblige
  • Norton's Typology of legislatures
  • Obergefell v Hodges 2015
  • On Nation Conservatism
  • Originalism
  • Oversight
  • PACs and Super PACs
  • Parliament
  • Parliament
  • Parliament's ability to remove governments
  • Parliament's effectiveness at Scrutiny
  • Parliament's influence over legislation
  • Parliamentary Committees
  • Parliamentary Sovereignty
  • Parochialism
  • Participation, Elections, Pressure Groups and Rights :Edexcel
  • Parties Unit 1 Edexcel
  • Partisanship
  • Party Decline and Party Renewal
  • Party Decline and Party Renewal
  • McCutcheon v FEC
  • Brock Reforms
  • Party Discipline and Elective Dictatorship
  • Party realignment and dealignment
  • Personal learning checklists- created by John Gibbs
  • Personal qualities of US Presidents
  • Peter Hennessy
  • Philip Norton
  • PM and Executive
  • PM Government or Cabinet Government
  • Politics Review Article Robert Singh
  • Pork Barrel
  • Power without Persuasion: Ways around Congress
  • precedents
  • Prerogative Powers
  • Pressure groups and participation
  • Types of Pressure Groups
  • How pressure groups exert influence
  • Prime Minister and Executive
  • Case study David Cameron
  • Case Study Tony Blair
  • Prime Minister’s Questions
  • privilege
  • Progressive v Reactionary
  • Questions to Ministers
  • Race and Rights in Contemporary US Politics
  • Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  • Racialism
  • Rational v Irrational
  • Recruitment and training of ministers
  • Referendums and how they are used
  • Reforms since 2015
  • Relations Between the Branches
  • Relations between the branches
  • Representation
  • Representation
  • Representative Democracy
  • Revision Summary Party Factions and Policies
  • Immigration USA
  • Health Care USA
  • The Tea Party
  • Debt and deficit
  • Revolving-door syndrome
  • Case study Revolving door UK Greensill and David Cameron
  • Riley v California 2014
  • Rules Committee
  • Scrutiny and Oversight
  • Secondary Legislation
  • Secondary Legislation
  • Self Determination
  • Separation of powers
  • Shelby v Holder 2013
  • Should England have a Parliament
  • Should the Constitution still be reformed?
  • The Rise and Fall of British Democracy
  • Should the voting age be reduced to 16?
  • Similarities and differences
  • Single European Act and the Four Freedoms
  • site link
  • Socialism Edexcel
  • Stare Decisis
  • Statute law
  • Strengths a weaknesses of the nominating process
  • Strengths and weaknesses of the nominating process
  • Strict and loose constructionalism
  • Sufferagists and Sufferagettes
  • Supreme Court Appointments Process
  • the 11 Day Rule
  • The advantages and disadvantages of Representative Democracy
  • The advantages and disadvantages of the nominating process
  • The Amendment Process
  • The Amendment Process
  • The Appointment process for the Supreme Court
  • Case study Jackson, Ketanji Brown 2022
  • The bully pulpit
  • The Cabinet
  • The Cabinet and the Prime Minister
  • The changing cabinet
  • The Case for Reform
  • The consequences of federalism
  • The Constitution
  • The Constitution since 1997
  • The Core Executive Model
  • The Customs Union
  • The Development of the EU
  • The Election of 2010
  • The Electoral College
  • The electoral mandate
  • The enumerated powers
  • The EU and member states: power over some key policy areas
  • The EU and the UK
  • The evolution of federalism
  • The Executive Office of the President
  • The Executive Office of the President
  • The Executive Office of the President
  • The factors governing the prime minister's selection of ministers
  • The Five main Sources
  • The Functions of Congress:
  • Subpoena of Steve Bannon
  • The Functions of Elections-
  • The Functions of Parliament
  • The growth and development of the Presidency
  • The History and development of Rights in the UK
  • Equality Act 2010
  • The history of voting rights
  • The Human Rights Act
  • The impact of the EU on the UK
  • The implied powers
  • The implied powers
  • The importance of presidential debates
  • The influence of interest groups on democracy
  • The influence of the Supreme Court on the Executive and Parliament
  • Is the UK Supreme Court too political?
  • Case study Miller v Sec of State for Exiting the EU 2016
  • The Instutuional Predensdency: Vice Presidency,Cabinet and Executive office.
  • The Invisible Primary
  • The Labour Party
  • Clause IV
  • Post Thatcher Consensus
  • The Living Constitution
  • The Localism Act 2011
  • The location of sovereignty in the UK
  • The location of sovereignty in the UK
  • The Main Characteristics of US federalism
  • Moore v Harper
  • Power Point Federalism
  • The nature and role of the Supreme Court
  • Dissenting Opinions are letters to the future
  • The nature of the US Constitution
  • The New Right
  • The politics of federalism
  • The powers and organisation of the Executive
  • Patronage
  • The powers of the Lords and Commons compared
  • The Presidency
  • The principles of the US Constitution - their effectiveness today
  • The protection of Civil Liberties and Rights in the USA today
  • Roe V Wade
  • Whole Woman’s Health v Hellerstedt
  • Shelby County v Holder
  • Plessy v Ferguson
  • The relationship between Parliament and the Government?
  • Theories of Parliamentary Power
  • The relationship between the Government and Parliament
  • The relationship between the Government and Parliament
  • The relationship between the presidency and Congress
  • The relationship between the president and the Supreme Court
  • Guns in the USA
  • Supreme Court Won’t Extend Wisconsin’s Deadline for Mailed Ballots
  • The role and significance of the opposition
  • The Role of Backbench MPs
  • The role of campaign finance
  • The role of incumbency
  • The Role of Select Committees
  • Case Study: Test and Trace
  • The role of the Supreme Court UK
  • The Rule of Law
  • The Salisbury Convention
  • The Scotland Act 2016
  • The structure and organisation of Parliament Commons and Lords.
  • How to become an MP
  • The structure of Congress:
  • The structure of the Constitution
  • The Supreme Court
  • The Supreme Court and Public Policy
  • Gun Control
  • Immigration
  • Health
  • National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius
  • Marriage
  • United States v Windsor (2013)
  • Abortion
  • Oklahoma Executes Prisoner After Supreme Court Overturns Stay
  • Miranda v Arizona 1966.
  • Brown v The Board of Education
  • The Supreme Court decision on the Article 50 Case
  • The Supreme Court influence and power
  • The timeline story of Brexit
  • The UK Constitution
  • Union State
  • The UK Constitution
  • The UK Constitution and its sources
  • The UK Courts System
  • The US Cabinet
  • The Veto
  • Theories of Representation
  • There is no agreed definition of Parliament's functions
  • Think Tanks
  • Tony Blair Prime Minister or President The Guardian 2005
  • Traditional Conservatism
  • treaties
  • UK Political Parties The main three
  • Ultra Vires
  • unanimity and qualified majority voting
  • Unentrenched / Uncodified
  • Unit 1 AS & A level : check lists of essential knowledge for Edexcel
  • Unit 2 AS & A level
  • Unit 3 A level Only USA & Comparative
  • Unit 3 Comparative USA (Year 13)
  • Unitary
  • US Constitution and Federalism
  • Comparison: UK and US Constitutions
  • US Presidency
  • The Impeachment of Trump
  • The Pardon Power
  • Comparison: PM & President
  • US Supreme Court and Civil Rights
  • Case Study: The American Federalist Society and the Supreme Court
  • Comparison: Civil Rights UK & USA
  • Natural Rights
  • Comparison USA & UK Supreme Court
  • USA Congress
  • USA Constitution
  • USA Democracy & Participation
  • USA Supreme Court
  • USA The Presidency
  • Vice Presidency
  • Voting Behaviour
  • Voting Behaviour :Edexcel
  • Voting behaviour,turnout and gerrymandering
  • What are Ministerial and Collective Responsibility?
  • Site logo image Level 5 Response – Evaluate the view that IMR and CMR are
  • What should be done to reform the system
  • E Petitions
  • Recall of MPs Act 2015
  • Who runs foreign policy, the president or Congress?
  • Whole Woman's Health v Hellerstedt 2016
  • Why and to what extent have the Judiciary and the government come into conflict in recent years?
  • Wider Reading New York Times on Originalism
  • Wider Reading: Why did Trump win 2016 by Anthony Bennett
  • Works of Authority
  • Year 13 Nationalism
The Politics Shed

Prime Minister and Executive

Prime Minister and Executive

The powers and organisation of the Executive

What are Ministerial and Collective Responsibility?

The Cabinet and the Prime Minister

Are PMs becoming more presidential?

  • Case Study Mrs Thatcher

  • Case Study Tony Blair

  • Case study David Cameron

  • Case Study Boris Johnson




  • Initiation of Legislation

  • Prerogative Powers

  • Secondary Legislation

  • The factors governing the prime minister's selection of ministers

  • Factors which influence a PMs relationship with the Cabinet

  • Limitations on the power of PMs

  • PM Government or Cabinet Government

  • The Core Executive Model

  • Cabinet Committees

  • The changing cabinet



Govt & Politics Pearson Edexcel A Level Global Politics Robert Murphy, John Jefferies, Josie Gadsby, Eric Magee


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